热老化作用下橡胶改性沥青的低温流变性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180987

于江^1,,
赵群^1,,
叶奋²,
宋卿卿²

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51168044，51668060，51568064）

详细信息

作者简介:
于江（1960—），男，教授，研究方向为道路工程，E-mail：zhaoqxj@163.com

中图分类号:V221.3
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- 被引次数:0
出版历程
- 收稿日期:2018-11-15
- 修回日期:2019-03-20
- 网络出版日期:2019-04-04
- 刊出日期:2021-02-01

Low Temperature Rheological Performance Analysis of Rubber Modified Asphalt under Heat Aging Process

摘要

摘要:为探究老化作用下橡胶改性沥青（AER）及其复合改性沥青（AER/SBS）的低温流变性能，借助常规性能、低温弯曲试验和Burgers模型，研究了在不同老化状态、不同橡胶粉掺量下AER改性沥青及其复合改性沥青的低温流变特性，同时借助红外光谱（FTIR）方法定量分析老化对AER改性沥青官能团的影响，并将其官能团指数和低温指标进行相关性分析. 研究结果表明：在不同老化状态下AER、SBS均可提高沥青低温性能，且短期老化下AER/SBS复合改性沥青的低温性能优于AER改性沥青，长期老化则反之；AER、SBS改性剂均可改善沥青的劲度模量，且AER对沥青劲度模量的影响程度更显著，同时低温指标（劲度模量 S、蠕变速率 m、劲度模量与蠕变速率之比 S/ m）与黏弹性指标（松弛时间 λ、耗散能比 a具有紧密的联系；AER改性沥青的低温性能与脂肪指数 I _A和脂肪长链指数 I _AL有较高的相关性，且 I _A越大其低温性能越好， I _AL则反之.
- 橡胶改性沥青（AER）/
- 沥青老化/
- 低温弯曲试验/
- Burgers模型/
- 红外光谱（FTIR）/
- 低温性能
Abstract:In order to explore the low temperature rheological properties of rubber modified asphalt (namely the activated twin-screw extruded rubber (AER) powder modified asphalt) and AER/SBS (styrene-butadiene styrene) composite modified asphalt under aging. The low temperature rheological properties of AER modified asphalt and its composite modified asphalt under different aging conditions and different rubber powder content were studied using conventional performance, low temperature bending test and Burgers model. At the same time, the influence of aging on the functional group of AER rubber modified asphalt was quantitatively analyzed by infrared FTIR method, and the correlation between its functional group index and various low temperature indicators was analyzed. The results show that AER and SBS can improve the low temperature performance of asphalt under different aging conditions; the low temperature performance of AER/SBS composite modified asphalt is better than AER modified asphalt under short-term aging, while the opposite is true under long-term aging. Both AER and SBS modifiers can improve the stiffness modulus of asphalt and AER has a greater impact on asphalt stiffness modulus, while low temperature grading indexes (i.e., stiffness modulus S, creep rate m, and the ratio S/ m) and viscoelasticity indexes (i.e., relaxation time λand dissipation-storage energy ratio ahas a strong correlation. The low temperature performance of AER modified asphalt has a high correlation with the fat index I _Aand the fat long chain index I _AL: the greater the aliphatic index, the better the low temperature performance, while the aliphatic fat long chain index is the opposite.
- AER rubber powder modified asphalt/
- asphalt aging/
- low temperature bending rheology test/
- Burgers model/
- infrared spectroscopy FTIR/
- low temperature performance

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图 1官能团特征峰面积示意

Figure 1.Diagram of characteristic peak area

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图 2低温等级温度

Figure 2.Low temperature performance grades

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图 3低温指标的拟合结果

Figure 3.Fitting results of low temperature indicators

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表 1ESSO70沥青技术指标

Table 1.Properties of ESSO70 asphalt

检测项	技术要求	检测结果
针入度（25 ℃，5 s）/mm	6.00～8.00	6.61
延度（15 ℃）/cm	≥ 100	> 150
软化点/℃	≥ 46.0	49.6
黏度（135 ℃）/（Pa•s）		0.412
密度/（g•cm⁻³）		1.023
闪点/℃	≥ 230	272

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表 2AER改性沥青的物理性能指标

Table 2.Properties of AER modified asphalt

沥青类型	针入度（25 ℃）/ mm	软化点/℃	延度（5 ℃）/cm	黏度（135 ℃）/ （Pa•s）
ESSO70	6.61	49.6	0	0.412
10AER	10.30	50.9	12.3	0.731
15AER	11.50	50.7	27.0	1.243
20AER	12.00	50.5	30.0	2.101
10AER2SBS	7.00	51.7	53.0	1.251
10AER3SBS	6.80	56.2	53.0	2.021
10AER4SBS	6.50	59.7	54.0	3.013
15AER3SBS	7.30	55.3	52.0	2.496
20AER3SBS	7.00	61.5	58.0	3.765

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表 3峰位置与谱峰归属

Table 3.Peak position and belongingness

峰位/cm⁻¹	谱峰归属	对应沥青成分
700	聚苯乙烯 C = H 的伸缩振动	聚苯乙烯
724	亚甲基链（CH₂）n（n≥ 4）协同振动	脂肪的长链
743	芳香族支链的弯曲振动	芳香分
814、864	苯环的伸缩振动	芳香分
965	丁二烯 C = H 的伸缩振动	聚丁二烯
1 030	亚砜基（S = O）的伸缩振动	沥青中硫氧氧化
1 310、2 953	烷烃（CH₃）	脂肪的支链
1 376	甲基（−CH₃）伞式振动	脂肪的支链
1 460	亚甲基（−CH₂）剪式振动	脂肪的长链
1 600	非对称苯环的呼吸振动	苯环、羧基
1 700	羰基（C = O）伸缩振动	碳氧氧化
2 850、2 920	亚甲基C−H对称振动	脂肪的长链

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表 4不同老化状态下的BBR结果

Table 4.Low temperature bending bean rheology (BBR) test results under different aging conditions

状态	温度/℃	名称	ESSO70	10AER	15AER	20AER	10AER2SBS	10AER3SBS	10AER4SBS	15AER3SBS	20AER3SBS
O	−12	S/MPa	139	183	116	83	194	129	97	55
	−12	m	0.401	0.435	0.415	0.423	0.4	0.434	0.416	0.418
	−18	S/MPa	403	403	329	242	278	258	243	211	181
	−18	m	0.283	0.224	0.263	0.297	0.365	0.349	0.341	0.352	0.368
	−24	S/MPa	872		776	463	426	456	420	338	367
	−24	m	0.168		0.162	0.201	0.297	0.263	0.253	0.271	0.285
R	−12	S/MPa	180	173	108	67	123	102	103	74
	−12	m	0.37	0.372	0.362	0.459	0.365	0.392	0.413	0.435
	−18	S/MPa	445	486	265	256	260	245	221	198	181
	−18	m	0.258	0.259	0.342	0.339	0.346	0.310	0.305	0.331	0.343
	−24	S/MPa	904		512	373	386	493	444	386	368
	−24	m	0.156		0.193	0.238	0.244	0.241	0.256	0.251	0.254
P	−12	S/MPa	206	105	88	74	122	105	85	74	63
	−12	m	0.322	0.380	0.405	0.411	0.391	0.393	0.395	0.426	0.451
	−18	S/MPa	481	253	224	205	290	261	272	207	195
	−18	m	0.241	0.32	0.334	0.342	0.322	0.310	0.291	0.337	0.343
	−24	S/MPa	855	453	379	332	511	484	452	431	427
	−24	m	0.167	0.246	0.251	0.278	0.221	0.224	0.213	0.260	0.271
注：O—未老化；R—短期老化；P—长期老化.

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表 5Burgers模型的黏弹性指标（−18 ℃）

Table 5.Burgers model of viscoelastic index (−18 ℃)

沥青类型	E₁/MPa	η₁/（MPa•s）	E₂/MPa	η₂/（MPa•s）	λ/s	τ/s	a/%
ESSO70	910	225334	1158	35 847	247.6	31.0	46.1
10AER	536	74 563	459	14 876	139.1	32.4	61.3
15AER	426	48 768	341	11 406	114.5	33.4	67.5
20AER	351	37 541	269	8567	107.0	31.8	73.1
10AER2SBS	638	87 568	554	17856	137.3	32.2	62.4
10AER3SBS	532	76 751	467	16 025	144.3	34.3	63.5
10AER4SBS	541	66 879	449	15 891	123.6	35.4	66.9
15AER3SBS	483	58 457	421	14 265	121.0	33.9	67.4
20AER3SBS	472	51 025	384	13 178	108.1	34.3	72.5

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表 6沥青各官能团指数结果

Table 6.Results of various functional groups of asphalt

沥青类型	状态	I_S	I_B	I_S=O	I_C=O	I_A	I_AR	I_AL
ESSO70^#	O	0.00	0.06	0.69	0.01	30.32	15.21	3.98
	R	0.00	0.07	0.65	0.08	30.78	15.11	3.67
	P	0.00	0.11	0.78	1.06	30.56	14.89	3.41
10AER	O	0.00	0.53	0.91	0.31	32.21	15.02	3.15
	R	0.00	0.27	0.56	0.17	32.34	14.76	3.16
	P	0.00	0.43	0.45	1.12	32.33	14.55	3.26
15AER	O	0.00	0.48	0.62	0.00	33.17	14.91	3.11
	R	0.00	0.39	0.54	0.03	32.68	14.45	3.13
	P	0.00	0.51	0.53	0.71	32.72	14.68	3.11
20AER	O	0.00	0.49	0.53	0.00	33.63	14.83	2.81
	R	0.00	0.52	0.48	0.00	33.59	14.79	2.82
	P	0.00	0.55	0.55	0.71	33.13	14.73	2.73
10AER2SBS	O	0.53	1.05	0.59	0.09	32.09	14.43	3.30
	R	0.57	1.09	0.61	0.25	32.13	14.31	3.27
	P	0.60	1.02	0.53	1.01	31.27	14.39	3.35
10AER3SBS	O	0.71	1.21	0.68	0.11	32.24	14.37	3.24
	R	0.80	1.47	0.69	0.21	32.05	14.32	3.26
	P	0.93	1.41	0.63	0.94	31.31	14.34	3.28
10AER4SBS	O	0.71	1.19	0.67	0.19	32.14	14.33	3.29
	R	1.13	2.04	0.64	0.06	32.06	14.11	3.20
	P	1.19	1.69	0.51	0.92	31.08	14.34	3.36
15AER3SBS	O	0.91	1.54	0.58	0.01	32.35	14.31	3.12
	R	0.95	1.56	0.56	0.13	32.38	14.29	3.11
	P	0.97	1.42	0.54	0.91	31.63	14.25	3.11
20AER3SBS	O	0.93	1.51	0.56	0.00	33.07	14.30	2.91
	R	0.94	1.76	0.64	0.00	33.71	13.94	2.80
	P	1.01	1.47	0.51	1.00	31.96	14.11	2.91
注：I_B为丁二烯指数；I_S=O为亚砜指数；I_C=O为羰基指数.

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表 7黏弹性指标的相关性结果（−18 ℃）

Table 7.Correlation results of viscoelasticity index (−18 ° C)

指数	S/MPa	m	S/m/MPa	T/℃	E₁/MPa	η₁/（MPa•s）	E₂/MPa	η₂/（MPa•s）	λ/s	τ/s	a/%
低温温度	−0.968	−0.961	−0.933	1	0.987	0.933	0.935	0.956	0.912	−0.615	0.598
I_S	−0.118	−0.055	0.212	−0.078	0.307	−0.156	−0.112	−0.056	−0.257	0.464	0.287
I_B	0.154	0.205	0.478	−0.323	−0.254	−0.421	−0.410	−0.364	−0.519	0.612	0.364
I_S=O	−0.541	−0.536	−0.697	0.621	0.508	0.701	0.678	0.679	0.732	−0.532	0.301
I_C=O	−0.846	−0.834	−0.848	0.836	0.768	0.856	0.848	0.856	0.848	−0.533	0.515
I_A	0.961	0.846	−0.879	−0.902	−0.913	−0.821	−0.842	−0.875	−0.812	0.425	−0.578
I_AR	0.269	−0.016	−0.176	−0.484	−0.251	−0.117	−0.136	−0.126	−0.014	−0.225	−0.515
I_AL	−0.878	−0.938	0.881	0.811	0.838	0.843	0.897	0.909	0.927	−0.616	0.554

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