基于自更新哈希链的安全高效车-地鉴权方案

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190205

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（61872302）；四川省科技计划重点研发项目（2018GZ0195）；四川省国际科技创新合作重点项目（2019YFH0097）

详细信息

作者简介:
张文芳（1978—），女，副教授，博士，研究方向为信息安全与密码学，E-mail：wfzhang@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号:TN918
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出版历程
- 收稿日期:2019-03-13
- 修回日期:2019-08-31
- 网络出版日期:2019-10-16
- 刊出日期:2020-12-15

Security and Efficiency Enhanced Authentication Scheme Based on Self-Updated Hash Chain for Train-Ground Communication

摘要

摘要:针对下一代高速铁路无线通信系统LTE-R （long term evolution-railway）对安全性和实时性的特殊需求，基于哈希链技术，提出一种完全基于对称密码体制的的车-地通信鉴权方案. 用户归属服务器（home subscriber sever，HSS）利用身份授权主密钥为车载设备（on-board unit，OBU）生成动态可变的匿名身份（temporary identity，TID），以在接入认证请求信令中保护车载设备的隐私，同时能够抵挡去同步攻击. 在列车高速移动过程中，方案采用高效的哈希链代替认证向量完成列车和服务网络之间的双向认证，哈希链的本地更新可解决认证向量耗尽导致的全认证重启问题. 此外，通过引入身份证明票据实现基于基站协同的高效无缝切换认证. 安全性和性能分析表明：在同样条件下，所提出的全认证协议、重认证协议和切换认证协议与目前性能最优的LTE （long term evolution）标准协议相比，计算量分别下降41.67%、44.44%和45.45%，通信量分别下降62.11%、50.91%和84.91%，能够满足LTE-R接入网络的安全性和实时性要求.
- LTE-R/
- 车-地通信鉴权/
- 自更新哈希链/
- 隐私保护
Abstract:Aiming at the special requirement of security and real-time performance in next generation high-speed railway wireless communication system, long term evolution-railway (LTE-R), a security and efficiency enhanced train-ground authentication scheme based on self-updated hash chain is proposed. In the scheme, the master key of home subscriber sever (HSS) is used for encrypting the anonymous variable temporary identity (TID) of the on-board unity (OBU) so as to protect the privacy of OBU and resist the desynchronization attack. In order to realize efficient mutual authentication between the train and the service network, hash chains are used to replace the authentication vectors, and the local updating of hash chains can avoid restarting the full-authentication protocol caused by exhaustion of authentication vectors. Moreover, by using the identity ticket issued by the mobility management entity (MME), seamless handover-authentication can be realized in coordination with base stations. Security and performance analysis shows that compared with the long term evolution (LTE) standard protocols under the same condition, the computation cost of the proposed full-authentication protocol, re-authentication protocol and handover-authentication protocol is reduced by 41.67%, 44.44%, and 45.45% respectively, and the traffic is reduced by 62.11%, 50.91%, and 84.91% respectively, which can meet the security and real-time requirements of LTE-R network.
- LTE-R/
- train-ground communication authentication/
- self-updated Hash chain/
- privacy protection

HTML全文

图 1LTE-R系统架构

Figure 1.LTE-R network architecture

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图 2全认证协议

Figure 2.Full authentication protocol

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图 3重认证协议

Figure 3.Re-authentication protocol

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图 4哈希链更新协议

Figure 4.Hash chain updating protocol

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图 5切换认证协议

Figure 5.Roaming handoff authentication ptotocol

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图 6全认证协议SPIN验证结果

Figure 6.SPIN verification results of full authentication protocol

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图 7其他协议的SPIN验证结果

Figure 7.SPIN verification results of other protocols

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图 8模拟列车运行效率对比

Figure 8.Efficiency comparison of simulated train running

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表 1符号及注释

Table 1.Symbols and annotation

符号	注释	符号	注释	符号	注释
ID_HSS	用户归属服务器网络号	K	OBU和HSS共享密钥	E_k(•)	利用密钥k进行加密
GUTI	临时移动用户识别码	K_ASME	接入安全管理实体密钥	f₁(•)	消息摘要生成函数
SNID_x	实体x提供的服务网络号	T_id	身份证明票据	f₂(•)	密钥生成函数
TID/ TID_new	匿名身份/更新后的临时身份	t_life	票据生存期	⊕	异或运算
MAC_x	实体x生成的消息认证码	t	时戳

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表 2安全性对比

Table 2.Security comparison

方案	隐私保护	重定向攻击	DOS 攻击	重放攻击	中间人攻击	去同步攻击	前向安全性
EPS-AKA^[1]	×	×	×	×	√	√	×
文献[5]	√	×	√	√	√	√	×
文献[10]	√	√	√	√	√	×	√
文献[14]	√	×	×	×	√	√	×
文献[20]	×	√	√	√	×	√	×
本方案	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
注： √ 代表具有该项安全属性， × 代表不具有该项安　　　　全属性.

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表 3计算开销和通信开销

Table 3.Computation overhead and communication overhead

方案	全认证		重认证		切换认证
方案	计算开销/ms	通信开销/bit	计算开销/ms	通信开销/bit	计算开销/ms	通信开销/bit
EPS-AKA[1]	(6n+ 6)T_H	880 + 736n	9T_H	880	9T_H+ 2T_E	880 + 736m
文献[5]	(6n+ 5)T_H+ 4T_M	5 760 + 256n
文献[10]	14T_H+ 5T_E	1 424	14T_H	880	14T_H+ 2T_E	1 536
文献[14]	12nT_H+ 4T_P+ 4T_E	1 072 + 736n			13T_H+ 4T_P	1 888
文献[20]	(18 + 5m)T_H	2 064
本文方案	（2n+ 9)T_H+ 2T_E	1 728	5T_H	432	5T_H+T_E	688

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