燃料电池小型车SOC动态调节的功率跟随控制策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190552

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51977181）；四川省科技计划（19YYJC0698）；霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师基金（171104）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFB1201003-019）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈维荣（1965—），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为电力系统及其自动化、工业监控技术、新能源技术及其应用，电话：028-87600768， E-mail：wrchen@home.swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李奇（1984—），男，教授，研究方向为分布式发电并网技术、电力系统无功优化等，E-mail：liqi0800@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期:2019-06-17
- 修回日期:2020-02-11
- 网络出版日期:2020-11-24
- 刊出日期:2021-02-01

Power Following Control Strategy of SOC Dynamic Adjustment for Small Fuel-Cell Cars

摘要

摘要:针对风冷型质子交换膜燃料电池与锂电池组成的小型车用混合动力系统，提出一种根据SOC （state of charge）动态调节功率跟随系数的能量管理方法，完成混合动力观光车样车研制. 对构成样车的混合动力系统、氢气储存供给系统、信号控制系统3部分进行了详细阐述，并对不同工况下功率跟随算法调节系数对控制效果的影响进行了分析；采用动态改变调节系数降低功率跟随算法控制引起的锂电池SOC及燃料电池输出功率波动，延长电堆使用寿命；通过样车实际运行测试，验证混合动力控制方法的有效性. 测试结果表明：运行过程中燃料电池平均工作效率达到48.15%，并推算理论最大续航里程为94 km，与实际运行结果吻合.
- 质子交换膜燃料电池/
- 混合动力系统/
- 能量管理方法/
- 车辆系统结构
Abstract:An SOC (state of charge)-based energy management method is proposed to dynamically adjust the power following coefficient for the small-vehicle hybrid system that consists of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a lithium battery. Moreover, a hybrid sightseeing car prototype is developed. Three parts of the prototype vehicle are illustrated, i.e., the hybrid power system, hydrogen storage supply system, and signal control system. How the coefficient of the power following algorithm affects the control under different operating conditions is analyzed. By dynamically adjusting the coefficient, the SOC deviation of the lithium battery and output power fluctuation of the fuel cell in the operation of the power following algorithm is alleviated and the service life of the stack is prolonged. Through the actual running tests on the prototype vehicle, the control method was verified. The average operating efficiency of the fuel cell in operation reached 48.15%, and the theoretical maximum cruising range was 94 km, which is consistent with the practice.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell/
- hybrid power system/
- energy management method/
- vehicle system structure

HTML全文

图 1燃料电池混合动力车运行实景

Figure 1.Fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle

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图 2混合动力车系统结构

Figure 2.Hybrid car system structure

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图 3混合动力系统结构

Figure 3.Hybrid system structure

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图 4氢气储存供给系统结构

Figure 4.Structure of hydrogen storage supply system

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图 5相对剧烈工况下混合动力功率及SOC曲线

Figure 5.Hybrid power and SOC curves under relatively severe working conditions

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图 6相对平缓工况下混合动力功率及SOC曲线

Figure 6.Hybrid power and SOC curves under relatively flat working conditions

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图 7基于荷电状态偏差调节的实时功率跟随策略

Figure 7.Real-time power following strategy based on SOC deviation adjustment

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图 8混合动力观光车运行状态参数曲线

Figure 8.Parameter curve of hybrid electric sightseeing vehicle

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图 9混合动力观光车运行功率曲线

Figure 9.Power curve of hybrid sightseeing car

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图 10锂电池SOC曲线

Figure 10.Lithium battery SOC curve

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图 11氢气压力曲线

Figure 11.Hydrogen pressure curve

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表 1车辆运行参数

Table 1.Vehicle operating parameters

性能指标	数值	性能指标	数值
最高运行速度/（km•h⁻¹）	30	锂电池额定电压/V	58.5
最大载客量/人	12	锂电池额定容量/（A•h）	200
最大续航里程/km	150	氢气储气罐压力/MPa	35
动力电机功率/kW	5	氢气储气罐容量/L	28
燃料电池电堆功率/kW	3	最大爬行坡度/（°）	15
动力母线电压/V	60

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表 2功率跟随参数

Table 2.Power following parameters

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
母线电压/V	60	SOC上限/%	50
标准充电功率/kW	1	SOC下限/%	20
电机额定功率/kW	5	SOC参考/%	35

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表 3不同策略效率及氢耗对比

Table 3.Comparison of efficiency and hydrogen consumption for different strategies

控制策略	燃料电池效率/%	氢耗/ （g•km⁻¹）
调节系数恒定为 0.50 功率跟随	46.79	7.7
动态调节系数功率跟随	48.15	7.5

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