Generation Mechanism of Railway Disc Brake Squeal and Its Suppression Method
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摘要:为了研究铁路盘型制动噪声的发生规律及其影响因素，测量了列车运行过程中各种制动工况条件下盘型制动器的摩擦噪声，获得了列车盘形制动摩擦噪声的发生规律；基于模态耦合引起制动摩擦噪声的机理，使用试验测得的闸片和制动盘之间的摩擦系数，建立了由制动盘、闸片、闸片托、制动杠杆和销等组成的全尺寸盘型制动系统摩擦噪声有限元预测模型，研究了铁路盘型制动噪声的影响因素. 试验结果表明：盘型制动摩擦噪声的特征频率为256.78、3904.07 Hz和4320.38 Hz；在特定摩擦副的摩擦性能下，当制动缸推力为10.1 kN和12.3 kN时，盘型制动器最容易产生摩擦噪声，模型预测结果与实测摩擦噪声比较一致；制动闸片的弹性模量对盘型制动噪声有重要的影响，合理的闸片弹性模量有助于抑制制动摩擦噪声.Abstract:In order to study the generation mechanism of railway disc brake squeal and its influencing factors, the disc brake squeal of a railway brake unit for several different brake conditions in a field test was measured, and the generation mechanism of railway disc brake squeal was obtained. Based on the mechanism of brake friction squeal caused by modal coupling, a full-size prediction model of brake squeal was established, which included a disc, two brake pads, two pad holders, two levers, and several pins. The friction coefficients between the pads and disc from a laboratory test were used in the prediction of brake squeal. The factors affecting brake squeal were studied in the model. The test results show that the characteristic frequencies of disc brake friction squeal are 256.78, 3904.07 Hz and 4320.38 Hz, respectively. When the thrust force is equal to 10.1 kN and 12.3 kN, disc brakes are most likely to produce friction squeal in brake applications, the predicted results of the model are in agreement with the measured frictional squeal. The elastic modulus of the brake pad has an important influence on disc brake squeal, the reasonable elastic modulus of brake pad is helpful to suppress the brake friction squeal.
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图 5闸片托法向振动的时频分析
Figure 5.Time-frequency analysis of the normal vibration of pad bracket
图 7盘型制动器主要不稳定振动的模态形状
Figure 7.Mode shapes of several unstable vibrations of disc brake
图 8等效阻尼比相对于摩擦系数的变化
Figure 8.Variation of effective damping ratio with friciton coefficient
表 1摩擦噪声发生的记录
Table 1.Records of brake squeal occurrence
试验工况 140 km/h 120 km/h 100 km/h 80 km/h 60 km/h 50 km/h 30 km/h 紧急制动 无 无 无 无 无 无 无 最大常用复合制动 无 有 有 有 有 有 有 最大常用纯空气制动 无 无 无 无 无 无 无 快速复合制动 无 有 有 无 有 无 无 快速纯空气制动 无 无 无 无 无 无 无 
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