基于离散单元法的铁路板结道床动力特性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20200113

崔旭浩^1,,
肖宏^{1, 2,,}

1.
北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院，北京 100044
2.
北京交通大学轨道工程北京市重点实验室，北京 100044

基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2019YJS112）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔旭浩（1994—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为轨道工程，E-mail：xhcui01@126.com

通讯作者:
肖宏（1978—），男，教授，研究方向为轨道工程与工务管理， E-mail：xiaoh@bjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号:U213.7
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- 被引次数:0
出版历程
- 收稿日期:2020-03-24
- 修回日期:2020-06-03
- 网络出版日期:2020-07-07
- 刊出日期:2020-07-07

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Hardening Railway Ballast Bed Based on Discrete Element Method

CUI Xuhao^1,,
XIAO Hong^{1, 2,,}

1.
School of Civil Engineering，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
2.
Beijing Key Lab of Track Engineering，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China

摘要

摘要:
为研究铁路有砟道床板结对其自身动力特性的影响，利用离散单元法并考虑道砟颗粒的真实外形建立了板结道床的仿真分析模型，分析了脏污板结及板结程度对有砟道床动态响应的影响，并探讨了板结引起道床弹性损失、刚度变大的细观机理. 研究结果表明：道床板结会增大道床中道砟颗粒的振动水平，并且板结越严重影响越明显，板结可将道砟颗粒的振动加速度增大20%～30%；板结会加强列车荷载对道床的冲击作用，增大道砟颗粒之间的接触力容易引起道砟颗粒破碎劣化；板结会放大不同位置处道床工作性能的差异，增大道床刚度的不均匀性；道砟颗粒之间的脏污板结材质会抑制道砟颗粒的相对移动，可将道砟颗粒的滑动分数降低至正常的50%左右，减小列车荷载作用下道床整体的宏观变形，从而呈现出刚度增大的特性.
- 有砟道床/
- 板结/
- 离散单元法/
- 动力响应
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of hardening railway ballast bed on its own dynamic characteristics, considering the real shape of ballast particles, a simulation analysis model of hardening ballast bed was established by using discrete element method. The influences of dirty hardening and hardening degree on the dynamic response of ballast bed was analyzed, and the meso-mechanism of elastic loss and stiffness increase of ballast bed caused by hardening was discussed. The results show that the hardening will increase the vibration level of ballast particles, and the more serious the hardening is, the more obvious the influence will be, and the hardening can increase the vibration acceleration of ballast particles by 20%−30%. The compaction will strengthen the impact of the train load on the ballast bed, increase the contact force between the ballast particles, which easily causes the ballast particles to break. The working performance of the track bed at different positions was amplified and the unevenness of the ballast bed stiffness was increased by the hardening. Dirty hardening materials between ballast particles can inhibit the relative movement of ballast particles, reduce the sliding fraction of ballast particles to about 50% of the normal value, and reduce the overall macroscopic deformation of the ballast bed under train load, thus showing the characteristics of increased stiffness.
- ballast bed/
- hardening/
- discrete element method/
- dynamic response

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图 1道砟颗粒建模

Figure 1.Ballast particle modeling

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图 2有砟轨道离散元整体模型（单位：m）

Figure 2.Discrete element model of ballast bed (unit：m)

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图 3板结道床局部模型

Figure 3.Local model of hardening ballast bed

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图 4道床振动加速度

Figure 4.Ballast bed vibration acceleration

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图 5道砟颗粒振动加速度矢量图

Figure 5.Vector diagram of ballast particle vibration acceleration

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图 65号轨枕下方道砟颗粒振动加速度时程曲线

Figure 6.Time history curves of ballast particle vibration acceleration under No. 5 sleeper

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图 7道砟颗粒振动加速度幅值

Figure 7.Peak vibration acceleration of ballast particles

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图 8道砟颗粒接触力均值时程曲线

Figure 8.Time history curves of mean contact force of ballast particles

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图 9道砟颗粒平均接触力峰值

Figure 9.Peak of average contact force of ballast particles

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图 10道砟颗粒滑动分数

Figure 10.Slip fraction of ballast particles

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图 11单一时步中道砟颗粒切向滑动位移

Figure 11.Sliding displacement of ballast particles in a single time step

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图 12道砟颗粒运动示意

Figure 12.Schematic diagram of the ballast particles movements

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表 1计算工况

Table 1.Calculation conditions

工况编号	道床	板结程度/%	脏污颗粒数量/粒
1	洁净道床	0	0
2	板结道床	25	17605
3	板结道床	50	35213
4	板结道床	100	70427

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表 2离散元模型计算参数

Table 2.Parameters of DE model

参数	取值
道砟颗粒法向刚度/（N•m⁻¹）	5.0 × 10⁸
道砟颗粒切向刚度/（N•m⁻¹）	5.0 × 10⁸
道砟颗粒摩擦系数	0.55
道砟颗粒密度/（kg•m⁻³）	2 500
脏污颗粒密度/（kg•m⁻³）	2500
钢轨密度/（kg•m⁻³）	1029.5
轨枕密度/（kg•m⁻³）	3025.8
脏污颗粒黏结强度/MPa	0.5
黏结半径比例系数	1.0

下载: 导出CSV

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