Formation Mechanism of Metro Wheel Polygonal Based on Vehicle-Track Coupling
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摘要:
车轮多边形磨耗会恶化轨道车辆振动环境，导致结构部件的共振疲劳失效，严重威胁行车安全. 为研究地铁车辆车轮多边形磨耗的形成机理，开展线路动态跟踪试验研究，建立车轨垂向耦合有限元模型和动力学模型，并进行轮轨长期磨耗迭代仿真分析. 研究结果表明：实测车辆发生了明显的7～9阶的车轮多边形磨耗，导致车辆出现50～70 Hz的强迫振动，频率与轮轨系统耦合振动
P 2力频率接近；通过车轮磨耗迭代仿真分析，确定了钢轨周期性接头焊缝不平顺引起的轮轨系统P 2力共振是导致车轮7～9阶多边形磨耗的根本原因；对钢弹簧浮置板道床和梯形轨枕道床而言，长期轮轨P 2力作用会分别引起8阶和15阶车轮多边形磨耗.Abstract:Wheel polygonal wear will deteriorate the vibration environment of rail vehicles, lead to resonance fatigue failure of structural components, and seriously threaten driving safety. To study the formation mechanism of wheel polygonal wear of metro vehicles, the dynamic line tracking test was carried out, and the vertical coupling finite element model and dynamics model of the track were established. In addition, the iterative simulation analysis of long-term wheel-track wear was carried out. The results show that the wheel polygonal wear of 7–9th order occurs in the measured vehicle, which leads to the forced vibration of 50–70 Hz, and the frequency is close to that of the
P 2force during the coupling vibration of the wheel-track system. Through the iterative simulation analysis of wheel wear, it is determined thatP 2force resonance of the wheel-rail system caused by periodic irregular rail joint weld is the root cause of the 7th–9th order wheel polygonal wear. Under the long-term action ofP 2force, the floating slab track bed and the ladder sleeper track bed of steel spring will cause 8th and 15th order wheel polygonal wear, respectively.-
Key words:
- metro vehicle/
- wheel polygon/
- vehicle-track coupling/
- wear model/
- vehicle dynamics
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图 8单轮轨耦合轮轨频响特性
Figure 8.Frequency response characteristics of single wheel-track coupling
图 15轮轨耦合状态下轮轨法向力频响特性
Figure 15.Frequency response characteristics of wheel-track normal force under wheel-track coupling
图 17车轨耦合作用下轨道模态的参数分析
Figure 17.Parameter analysis of track modal under the action of vehicle-track coupling
表 1地铁车辆和轨道的主要参数
Table 1.Main parameters of metro vehicles and tracks
参数 符号 数值 定距之半/m lc 7.85 轴距之半/m lw 1.25 车体质量/kg Mc 24937 构架质量/kg Mf 1830 轮对质量/kg Mw 1231 一系悬挂垂向刚度/（MN·m−1） Kps 1.5 一系悬挂垂向阻尼/（kN·s·m−1） Cps 2 浮置板道床扣件垂向刚度/（MN·m−1） Ka 50 浮置板支撑刚度/（kN·s·m−1） Ca 20 梯形轨枕扣件垂向刚度（MN·m−1） Kb 60 梯形轨枕纵梁支撑刚度/（kN·s·m−1） Cb 20 普通道床扣件垂向刚度/（MN·m−1） Kc 20 浮置板长度/m La 24 梯形轨枕纵梁长度/m Lb 6 
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