高速列车底部结构参数对气动噪声影响规律

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220148

陈羽^{1, 2,},
柳壹明^{1, 2},
毛懋^{1, 2},
李启良^{1, 2},
王毅刚^{1, 2},
杨志刚^{1, 2, 3}

1.
同济大学汽车学院，上海 201804
2.
同济大学上海市地面交通工具空气动力学与热环境模拟重点试验室，上海 201804
3.
北京民用飞机技术研究中心，北京 102211

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52002283, U1834201）；上海市地面交通工具空气动力与热环境模拟重点实验室（23DZ2229029）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈羽（1986—），男，工程师，博士，研究方向为高速列车空气动力学与气动声学，E-mail：08_yu_chen@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号:U270.16
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出版历程
- 收稿日期:2022-03-08
- 修回日期:2022-05-23
- 网络出版日期:2023-05-12
- 刊出日期:2022-05-27

Influence of Underbody Parameters of High-Speed Trains on Aerodynamic Noise

CHEN Yu^{1, 2,},
LIU Yiming^{1, 2},
MAO Mao^{1, 2},
LI Qiliang^{1, 2},
WANG Yigang^{1, 2},
YANG Zhigang^{1, 2, 3}

1.
School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
2.
Shanghai Key Lab of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management System, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
3.
Beijing Aeronautical Science & Technology Research Institute, Beijing 102211, China

摘要

摘要:
为更好地开展高速列车气动降噪设计，建立了高速列车头车第一组转向架区域的6参数模型，采用计算气动声学和拉丁超立方抽样实验所设计的方法，得到了13个参数化模型的远场气动噪声、转向架舱内湍流脉动功率级和声功率级，并分析了底部结构参数对远场和近场气动噪声的影响规律. 结果表明：底部结构参数对远场噪声影响范围为75.4～78.9 dB(A)，裙板高度、排障器厚度、转向架舱后缘倒角和舱长度与远场噪声为负相关，舱前缘倒角、排障器前缘夹角与远场噪声为正相关，底部结构参数的变化主要影响中心频带315～1250 Hz间的噪声能量；排障器厚度和前缘夹角与远场噪声、舱内湍流脉动功率、声功率均为负相关；裙板高度和远场噪声、舱内湍流脉动功率级为负相关，与舱内声功率为正相关.
- 高速列车/
- 气动噪声/
- 底部结构/
- 参数化设计/
- 相关系数
Abstract:
In order to better perform the aerodynamic noise reduction design of high-speed trains, a 6-parametric model of the first bogie section of the high-speed train head car was established. The method designed by computational aeroacoustics and Latin hypercube sampling experiments was used, and the far-field aerodynamic noise, turbulent fluctuation power level, and acoustic power level inside the bogie cavity of 13 parametric models were obtained. The influence of underbody parameters on far-field and near-field aerodynamic noise was analyzed. The results show that the influence range of the underbody parameters on the far-field noise is 75.4–78.9 dB(A). The apron height, cowcatcher thickness, chamfer of the rear edge of the bogie cavity, and cavity length are negatively correlated with the far-field noise, while the chamfer of the leading edge of the cavity and the leading-edge included angle of the cowcatcher are positively correlated with the far-field noise. The changes in underbody parameters mainly affect the noise energy in the central frequency band of 315–1 250 Hz. The cowcatcher thickness and leading-edge included angle are negatively correlated with far-field noise, turbulent fluctuation power level, and acoustic power level inside the bogie cavity. The apron height is negatively correlated with the far-field noise and the turbulent fluctuation power level inside the bogie cavity and positively correlated with the acoustic power level inside the bogie cavity.
- high-speed train/
- aerodynamic noise/
- underbody/
- parametric design/
- correlation coefficient

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图 1高速列车模型

Figure 1.High-speed train model

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图 2头车底部结构参数模型

Figure 2.Parameterization of underbody structure

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图 3计算域及网格

Figure 3.Computational domian and grid

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图 4风洞实验和远场测点

Figure 4.Wind tunnel experiment and far-field measuring points

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图 5测点2的声压级频谱

Figure 5.Noise spectrum of point 2

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图 6测点1～5示意

Figure 6.Schematic diagram of points 1−5

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图 7测点1～5平均声压级

Figure 7.Mean sound pressure level of measureing points 1−5

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图 8底部参数与远场噪声相关性系数

Figure 8.Correlation between underbody parameters and noise in the far field

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图 9远场噪声1/3倍频程谱

Figure 9.1/3 octave band spectrum in the far field

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图 10头车底部表面湍流脉动压力级

Figure 10.Surface turbulent fluctuating pressure levels at the bottom of the head car

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图 11舱内湍流脉动总功率级

Figure 11.Total power level of turbulent fluctuation inside cavity

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图 12各参数对舱内湍流脉动总功率级的相关系数

Figure 12.Correlation between underbody parameters and total power level of turbulent fluctuation inside cavity

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图 13头车底部声压级云图

Figure 13.Sound pressure levels at the bottom of the head car

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图 14舱内总声功率级

Figure 14.Total sound power level inside cavity

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图 15各参数与舱内总声功率级的相关系数

Figure 15.Correlation between underbody parameters and total sound power level inside cavity

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表 1参数变化范围

Table 1.Ranges of parameters

参数	变化范围
l/mm	495～605
h₁/mm	0～100
R_f/mm	0～20
R_r/mm	0～20
h₂/mm	15～50
θ/（°）	95～140

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表 2高速列车底部结构参数化实验设计

Table 2.Design of experiment table of high-speed train under body parameters

样本点	l/mm	h₁/mm	R_f/mm	R_r/mm	h₂/mm	θ/（°）
原型	535	63	0	0	28	125
1	536	64	5	6	28	127
2	534	98	3	10	40	117
3	510	99	13	18	19	136
4	596	96	2	16	42	96
5	602	93	11	14	35	113
6	578	87	10	3	20	124
7	597	84	1	5	38	101
8	503	82	4	11	40	104
9	498	79	6	17	26	110
10	590	65	18	15	49	112
11	561	33	17	1	22	133
12	566	0	19	13	35	116

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表 3网格敏感性验证

Table 3.Gird sensitivity verification

序号	网格/万	y+	x+	z+	C_d	偏差/%
1	4100	1	450	450	0.281	−1.1
2	4900	1	300	300	0.283	−0.4
3	8800	1	150	150	0.284

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表 4测点总声压级

Table 4.OASPL of measureing points dB(A)

方法	测点 1	测点 2	测点 3
数值仿真	78.5	78.4	80.6
风洞试验	78.1	78.7	78.6

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